Male Infertility
Asthenozoospermia (Poor Sperm Motility)
Asthenozoospermia is when less than 42% of sperm are motile, limiting their ability to reach and fertilise the egg.
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Overview
What is Asthenozoospermia?
Sperm motility is critical for natural conception — sperm must swim through cervical mucus, the uterus, and into the fallopian tube to reach the egg. Asthenozoospermia is diagnosed when less than 42% of sperm demonstrate progressive motility. Severely reduced motility (total motility <40%) makes natural conception very unlikely and IUI moderately effective, while ICSI bypasses the need for motility altogether.
Symptoms
Inability to conceive despite normal sperm count
Semen analysis showing low progressive motility
History of varicocele or genital infection
Lifestyle factors: smoking, obesity, heat exposure
Causes
1
Varicocele causing elevated scrotal temperature2
Reactive oxygen species (oxidative stress) damaging sperm3
Antisperm antibodies impairing sperm movement4
Mitochondrial dysfunction in sperm flagella5
Infections with chlamydia or mycoplasmaHow It's Diagnosed
Semen analysis with computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA fragmentation index (DFI)
Scrotal Doppler ultrasound for varicocele
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